HED4802 ASSIGNMENT 2 ANSWER FOR THE YEAR 2025
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HED4802 2025 Assignment 02
**Name:** [Your Name]
**Student Number:** [Your Student Number]
**Module Code:** HED4802
**Assignment Number:** 02
Question 1: Critically Evaluating Paradigms of Learning and Knowledge in Curriculum Development and Practice
Curriculum planning and implementation are necessarily shaped by implicit paradigms of learning and knowledge. Four dominant paradigms—positivism, interpretivism, critical theory, and post-structuralism—offer various positions that have a bearing on how the goals of the curriculum are established, how knowledge is selected, what pedagogic approaches are taken up, and how assessment is addressed in schools. A critique of the paradigms reveals not only how they shape school practice but also how curriculum making is contested and dynamic.
Positivism
Positivism, from the writings of Auguste Comte and thereafter developed by initial scientific thinkers, is characterized by a belief in an objective reality and the possibility of gaining true knowledge by relying on empirical observation and rational analysis (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2018).
